Blog Questions
Moon Phases:a. What causes moon phases?
b. Include a diagram that shows the moon phases and includes ½ lit moons as well as what we see from Earth.
c. Explain why it takes 27.3 days for the moon to orbit and 29.5 days for the moon to complete the moon phase cycle. Include a diagram.
Eclipses:
a. What causes solar eclipses?
b. Include a diagram that shows the sun, moon and earth arrangement
c. Include images of partial, annular and total eclipses and explain why they occur
d. What causes lunar eclipses?
e. Include a diagram that shows the sun, moon and earth arrangement
f. Include images of partial and total eclipses and explain why they occur
g. Include a diagram and explanation of why we do not have eclipses every full and new moon.
Daily and Monthly Tides
a. What are daily tides?
b. What causes daily tides?
c. Include a diagram that show how daily tides form
d. Explain why high and low tides occur at a different time each day.
e. What are monthly tides? Explain Spring and Neap tides in detail
f. What causes monthly tides?
g. Include a diagram that shows Neap and Spring tides
Seasons:
a. What causes the Earth to have seasons?
b. Include a seasons diagram that shows the sun in the middle and the Earth revolving around it.
c. Explain what the winter solstice is, where the sun is directly overhead and when it occurs.
d. Explain what the summer solstice is, where the sun is directly overhead and when it occurs.
e. Explain what equinoxes are, give the dates and where the sun is directly over head.
f. Explain what direct and indirect heating of the Earth means.
g. Include a diagram that shows direct and indirect heating.
Geologic Time:
a. Explain what geologic time is:
a. How old is the Earth?
b. What are the six major events outlined?
c. Explain the analogy to a book
i. How many pages are in the book?
ii. How long would it take to read the book?
iii. How long would the book be in terms of miles?
b. What is the law of Superposition?
c. How can you use rock layers and fossils to understand Relative time.
d. Include diagrams to illustrate each of your points.
The Geologic Story of New York - Drifting Continents
Rock Cycle and Sedimentary Rocks:
- The geologic story of New York and Massachusetts spans some 500 years. This is an example of a story put into "time travel" form by one student that summarizes the geology of this area.
Rock Cycle and Sedimentary Rocks:
a. Explain
how Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary
Rocks Form
a. Explain
that igneous rocks are evidence of past volcanic activity
b. Explain
that sedimentary rocks are evidence of Erosion of Mountains
c. Explain
that Metamorphic Rocks are evidence of Mountain Building
b. Show
a rock cycle diagram
c. On
the block diagram below explain where igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
would form.
d. Explain
how clastic sedimentary rocks form.
a. Describe
the differences between shale and conglomerate
e. Explain
how organic sedimentary rocks form.
a. Under
what conditions does limestone form?
f. Explain
how chemical sedimentary rocks form.
g. Explain the process of deposition, compaction
and cementation in forming a clastic sedimentary rock.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY AND SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
1. Explain the theory of continental drift in a paragraph. Discuss the overall theory itself, Pangea, Gondwanaland, Laurasia, and write a little bit about the scientist who devised the theory(Alfred Wegener - you may want to do a little internet research about him).
A. Include a picture of Pangea as it existed ~220 MYA and also an image that shows the present day location of the continents as a comparison
2. Explain how fossils are evidence of continental drift. Use 2-3 specific examples of fossils from the maps and diagrams we examined in class to show how fossils are evidence for continental drift.
A. Inclue a map/diagram that shows fossil evidence for Pangea similar to the ones we looked at in class and fo homework
3. Explain how glaciers are evidence for continental drift. Be sure to name specific locations/continents where glacial evidence has been found and explain how/why it supports the theory
A. Include a supporting image/map that shows glacial deposits as evidence for Pangea
4. Explain how mountain ranges are evidence for continental drift. Look at your diagrams from classwork/homework and name locations where mountains have formed as a result of the formation of Pangea. Be sure to explain how these mountains support the theory.
A. Include a supporting image/map that shows mountain ranges as evidence for Pangea
5. Explain how coal beds are evidence for continental drift. Make sure you explain how/what environment coal forms from. Explain how the locations of coal beds supports continental drift theory.
A. Include a supporting image/map that shows coal beds as evidence for Pangea
6. Explain how the shape of the coastlines of continents can be used as evidence for continental drift. Focus your discussion on the shape of South America and Africa.
A. Include a map showing how the coastlines of these two continents "match up" if reconnected
7. Explain why Continental Drift Theory was rejected at first - what was Alfred Wegener unable to explain?
INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
1. Explain in the first paragraph a brief description of the four MAIN Layers of the Interior of the Earth. In this paragraph you should also include an explanation of how temperature, pressure and density all change as you go from the crust deeper all the way to the inner core
A. Include a diagram that shows the four main layers of the Earth
B. Include a diagram or graph that shows how temperature changes as you go deeper
C. Include a diagram or graph that shows how pressure changes as you go deeper
D. Include a diagram or graph that shows how density changes as you go deeper
2. Explain in a brief paragraph the Earth and it's layers but now include the locations of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Describe each layer as one of the following - solid, liquid, or solid but able to flow.
A. Include a diagram that shows the layers of the Earth that includes the lithosphere and asthenosphere
3. Write a 3 sentence description of the Earth's crust. Include in your description a comparison between oceanic crust and continental crust. You can discuss the composition of the crust, thickness, density, temperature etc.
A. Include a diagram which shows oceanic and continental crust (if you google "oceanic vs. continental crust" you should get some good diagrams which show both of them and their thickness relative to eachother)
4. Write a short paragraph which includes a description of the Earth's lithosphere and also the Earth's asthenosphere. Describe each one separately and then compare and contrast the two to each other.
A. Include a diagram which shows both the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
5. Write a brief description of the Earth's mantle (3 sentences). Include in your description a discussion of the mantle's properties and composition. Also discuss the mantle's role in creating convection currents and how this causes the plates to move.
A. Include a diagram of "convection currents in the mantle"
6. Write a short paragraph which compares and contrasts the outer core and the inner core. Consider in your comparison the properties and composition of each layer compared to the other layer.
A. Include a diagram which shows both the inner core and the outer core of the Earth
7. Explain how the Earth's core (outer, inner or both) is responsible for creating Earth's Magnetic Field. You should also include the role of Earth's Magnetic Field.
A. Include a diagram of the Earth's Magnetic Field
8. Discuss the pros and cons of two models we discussed in class. One of the two models must be the hard-boiled egg model.
THEORY OF SEAFLOOR SPREADING TOPICS
1. Explain the theory of seafloor spreading in your introduction paragraph (4-5 sentences). Describe what mid-ocean ridges are and where they are located. Be sure to discuss the role of mid-ocean ridges in the theory of seafloor spreading. Connect seafloor spreading theory to continental drift and plate tectonics
a. Include a diagram of seafloor spreading
b. Include a map showing the location of mid-ocean ridges
c. You should also include a link to the animation of seafloor spreading that you watched to do HW #8 here so we can see how this process works.
2. Explain how molten material erupting from the ridge is supporting evidence of seafloor spreading
a. Include a picture of pillow lava or pillow basalt erupting along the mid-ocean ridge
3. Explain how the age of the seafloor is supporting evidence of seafloor spreading
a. Include a diagram or map which shows the age of the seafloor on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
4. Explain how magnetic stripes of the seafloor are evidence of seafloor spreading
a. Include a diagram showing the magnetic stripes along the seafloor
b. You should also include a link to the animation showing the magnetic stripes you used in HW #8 so we can see the magnetism of the seafloor as evidence for it's spreading.
5. Explain the role of subduction and deep-ocean trenches with plate tectonics theory.
a. Include a diagram which shows the process of subduction at deep ocean trenches
6. Based on your knowledge of seafloor spreading explain the role of the mid-atlantic ridge in plate tectonics theory. Explain the role of this ridge in particular with the separation of the continents.
a. Include a map/diagram of the Mid -Atlantic Ridge
7. Explain the simple paper strip model you used to illustrate the process of seafloor spreading and subduction. Explain what the paper strip represents, what the slits represent, what the colors represent, and what the pattern on the strips represents.
PLATE TECTONICS THEORY
1. Explain in an opening paragraph of 4-5 sentences Plate Tectonics theory. In your explanation be sure to discuss the number of plates, what plates are composed, and a summary of the movement of plates (how fast they move, what moves them, etc.) In this paragraph you should also list all of the evidence (features and events) for tectonic plate boundaries and movement.
a. Include a map that shows Earth's tectonic plates
2. Explain convergent (continental crust - continental crust) plate boundaries. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture of the Himalayas as an example of a modern day continental convergent boundary
3. Explain convergent (continental vs oceanic crust) plate boundary. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of the Andes Mountains in South America as an example of a modern day oceanic-continental boundary.
4. Explain convergent (oceanic vs oceanic crust) plate boundary. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of Japan, the Aleutian Islands in Alaska, and the Philippines as examples of modern day oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries
5. Explain divergent plate boundaries.Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
6. Explain transform plate boundaries. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of the San Andreas Fault in California as an example of a modern day transform plate boundary
7. Explain in your closing paragraph how earthquakes and volcanoes are evidence for tectonic plate boundaries. In your closing you should also discuss what the Ring of Fire is and include an explanation for the large number of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire
a. Include a map that shows worldwide earthquakes and volcanoes plotted onto it as your diagram for this paragraph
Density:
1. What is density? Explain this in your own words and include a diagram that shows two diagrams one with a higher density and one with a lower density.
2. What is the formula for density? Explain the "broken heart" memory tool.
3. Explain how the calculate the volume of a Cube using LxWxH for the volume. Explain each step and include an image of a cube maybe even with measurements shown.
4. Explain how to calculate volume using water displacement. Show an image like the graduated cylinders sheet we used in class. Be sure to explain the meniscus and how to read it accurately by reading the bottom of the smiley face.
5. Explain how the calculate the density of a rock using water displacement. Outline each step and include a diagram.
6. Explain the mystery liquids "rainbow straws" lab
7. Explain and include a diagram of the density bottles lab. You can use this link to get an image to include: http://www.teachersource.com/product/poly-density-kit/density
8. Explain how the lava lamp worked and include an image.
Dwarf Planets
1. What is a dwarf planet? How are they different than planets? (include an image of dwarf planets)
2. Where are dwarf planets located? How many known dwarf planets are there? (
3. Write a paragraph discussion about the characteristics of Pluto (include an image)
4. Write a paragraph discussion about the characteristics of Ceres (Include an image)
5. Write a paragraph discussion about the characteristics of Eris (include an image)
6. Write a paragraph discussion of Makemake (include an image)
7. Write a paragraph discussion of Haumea(include an image)
Space Exploration: Use this link for your research
1. Research and explain a Nasa mission to either Mercury or Venus (include an image)
2. Research and explain a Nasa mission to the asteroids(include an image)
3. Research and explain a mission to a comet(include an image)
4. Research and explain a mission to Jupiter(include an image)
5. Research and explain a mission to Saturn(include an image)
6. Research and explain a mission to Uranus(include an image)
Space Exploration 2: Use this link for your research
1. Research and explain a mission to Neptune(include an image)
2. Research and explain a mission to Pluto(include an image)
3. Research and explain a mission to the Kuiper Blet(include an image)
4. Research and explain a mission to Dwarf Planets(include an image)
5. Research and explain a mission to the Sun(include an image)
Exploration of Mars: Use this link for your research
1. In 5 separate paragraphs explain the missions and findings of each of the unmanned missions to Mars
2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, Spirit/Opportunity, Mars Recon Orbiter, Curiosity (include an image for each mission)
Weathering and the formation of sedimentary rock
- Explain the differences between mechanical and chemical weathering
- Pick two examples of mechanical weathering and explain how they weather rock. Include pictures for both of your examples which show this process
- Explain how water can CHEMICALLY weather rock and include a picture of rock that has been weathered chemically by water
- Explain how moss and lichens can chemically weather rock and include a picture of rock that has been weathered chemically by moss and lichens
- Crayon Lab Summary
- In a new paragraph explain how we modelled the steps of forming a clastic sedimentary rock using a crayon. Describe each step of the lab and then explain how it relates to actual sedimentary rock formation.
- Weathering - how did we model this in class? how does it relate to actual sedimentary rock formation
- Erosion - how did we model this in class? how does it relate to actual sedimentary rock formation
- Deposition - how did we model this in class? how does it relate to actual sedimentary rock formation
- Compaction - how did we model this in class? how does it relate to actual sedimentary rock formation
- Cementation - how did we model this in class? how does it relate to actual sedimentary rock formation
CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY AND SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
1. Explain the theory of continental drift in a paragraph. Discuss the overall theory itself, Pangea, Gondwanaland, Laurasia, and write a little bit about the scientist who devised the theory(Alfred Wegener - you may want to do a little internet research about him).
A. Include a picture of Pangea as it existed ~220 MYA and also an image that shows the present day location of the continents as a comparison
2. Explain how fossils are evidence of continental drift. Use 2-3 specific examples of fossils from the maps and diagrams we examined in class to show how fossils are evidence for continental drift.
A. Inclue a map/diagram that shows fossil evidence for Pangea similar to the ones we looked at in class and fo homework
3. Explain how glaciers are evidence for continental drift. Be sure to name specific locations/continents where glacial evidence has been found and explain how/why it supports the theory
A. Include a supporting image/map that shows glacial deposits as evidence for Pangea
4. Explain how mountain ranges are evidence for continental drift. Look at your diagrams from classwork/homework and name locations where mountains have formed as a result of the formation of Pangea. Be sure to explain how these mountains support the theory.
A. Include a supporting image/map that shows mountain ranges as evidence for Pangea
5. Explain how coal beds are evidence for continental drift. Make sure you explain how/what environment coal forms from. Explain how the locations of coal beds supports continental drift theory.
A. Include a supporting image/map that shows coal beds as evidence for Pangea
6. Explain how the shape of the coastlines of continents can be used as evidence for continental drift. Focus your discussion on the shape of South America and Africa.
A. Include a map showing how the coastlines of these two continents "match up" if reconnected
7. Explain why Continental Drift Theory was rejected at first - what was Alfred Wegener unable to explain?
INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
1. Explain in the first paragraph a brief description of the four MAIN Layers of the Interior of the Earth. In this paragraph you should also include an explanation of how temperature, pressure and density all change as you go from the crust deeper all the way to the inner core
A. Include a diagram that shows the four main layers of the Earth
B. Include a diagram or graph that shows how temperature changes as you go deeper
C. Include a diagram or graph that shows how pressure changes as you go deeper
D. Include a diagram or graph that shows how density changes as you go deeper
2. Explain in a brief paragraph the Earth and it's layers but now include the locations of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Describe each layer as one of the following - solid, liquid, or solid but able to flow.
A. Include a diagram that shows the layers of the Earth that includes the lithosphere and asthenosphere
3. Write a 3 sentence description of the Earth's crust. Include in your description a comparison between oceanic crust and continental crust. You can discuss the composition of the crust, thickness, density, temperature etc.
A. Include a diagram which shows oceanic and continental crust (if you google "oceanic vs. continental crust" you should get some good diagrams which show both of them and their thickness relative to eachother)
4. Write a short paragraph which includes a description of the Earth's lithosphere and also the Earth's asthenosphere. Describe each one separately and then compare and contrast the two to each other.
A. Include a diagram which shows both the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
5. Write a brief description of the Earth's mantle (3 sentences). Include in your description a discussion of the mantle's properties and composition. Also discuss the mantle's role in creating convection currents and how this causes the plates to move.
A. Include a diagram of "convection currents in the mantle"
6. Write a short paragraph which compares and contrasts the outer core and the inner core. Consider in your comparison the properties and composition of each layer compared to the other layer.
A. Include a diagram which shows both the inner core and the outer core of the Earth
7. Explain how the Earth's core (outer, inner or both) is responsible for creating Earth's Magnetic Field. You should also include the role of Earth's Magnetic Field.
A. Include a diagram of the Earth's Magnetic Field
8. Discuss the pros and cons of two models we discussed in class. One of the two models must be the hard-boiled egg model.
THEORY OF SEAFLOOR SPREADING TOPICS
1. Explain the theory of seafloor spreading in your introduction paragraph (4-5 sentences). Describe what mid-ocean ridges are and where they are located. Be sure to discuss the role of mid-ocean ridges in the theory of seafloor spreading. Connect seafloor spreading theory to continental drift and plate tectonics
a. Include a diagram of seafloor spreading
b. Include a map showing the location of mid-ocean ridges
c. You should also include a link to the animation of seafloor spreading that you watched to do HW #8 here so we can see how this process works.
2. Explain how molten material erupting from the ridge is supporting evidence of seafloor spreading
a. Include a picture of pillow lava or pillow basalt erupting along the mid-ocean ridge
3. Explain how the age of the seafloor is supporting evidence of seafloor spreading
a. Include a diagram or map which shows the age of the seafloor on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
4. Explain how magnetic stripes of the seafloor are evidence of seafloor spreading
a. Include a diagram showing the magnetic stripes along the seafloor
b. You should also include a link to the animation showing the magnetic stripes you used in HW #8 so we can see the magnetism of the seafloor as evidence for it's spreading.
5. Explain the role of subduction and deep-ocean trenches with plate tectonics theory.
a. Include a diagram which shows the process of subduction at deep ocean trenches
6. Based on your knowledge of seafloor spreading explain the role of the mid-atlantic ridge in plate tectonics theory. Explain the role of this ridge in particular with the separation of the continents.
a. Include a map/diagram of the Mid -Atlantic Ridge
7. Explain the simple paper strip model you used to illustrate the process of seafloor spreading and subduction. Explain what the paper strip represents, what the slits represent, what the colors represent, and what the pattern on the strips represents.
PLATE TECTONICS THEORY
1. Explain in an opening paragraph of 4-5 sentences Plate Tectonics theory. In your explanation be sure to discuss the number of plates, what plates are composed, and a summary of the movement of plates (how fast they move, what moves them, etc.) In this paragraph you should also list all of the evidence (features and events) for tectonic plate boundaries and movement.
a. Include a map that shows Earth's tectonic plates
2. Explain convergent (continental crust - continental crust) plate boundaries. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture of the Himalayas as an example of a modern day continental convergent boundary
3. Explain convergent (continental vs oceanic crust) plate boundary. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of the Andes Mountains in South America as an example of a modern day oceanic-continental boundary.
4. Explain convergent (oceanic vs oceanic crust) plate boundary. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of Japan, the Aleutian Islands in Alaska, and the Philippines as examples of modern day oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries
5. Explain divergent plate boundaries.Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
6. Explain transform plate boundaries. Be sure to include the type of plate motion, the features that form along this boundary, and the events that form along this type of boundary
a. Include a diagram (not a photo) of this type of plate boundary
b. Include a picture or map of the San Andreas Fault in California as an example of a modern day transform plate boundary
7. Explain in your closing paragraph how earthquakes and volcanoes are evidence for tectonic plate boundaries. In your closing you should also discuss what the Ring of Fire is and include an explanation for the large number of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire
a. Include a map that shows worldwide earthquakes and volcanoes plotted onto it as your diagram for this paragraph
Faults and Stresses
1. Explain and illustrate
tension, compression and shearing. Include
a diagram or animation for each and explain which type of plate boundary this
stress occurs on. What are the
convection cells doing in the mantle to create this type of stress.?
2. Explain Normal, Reverse and
Strike-slip faults. Include a diagram or
animation for each and explain which type of plate boundary this fault occurs
on. What are the convection cells doing
in the mantle to create this type of faulting.
Also list which stress type causes each
type of fault.
3. Include a diagram which
clearly shows which is the hanging wall and which is the footwall.
4. Explain what synclines and
anticlines are and include a labeled diagram of each.
5. See if you can find a short
video which explains stresses and/or faults.
6. Explain why there are
transform faults cutting across the mid-ocean ridge. Include a diagram.
Volcanoes and Lava
1. Explain what cinder, shield
and composite volcanoes are and include a diagram, picture and short video of
each erupting.
2. Explain what a rift or
fissure eruption is and include a diagram and short video.
3. Explain and show pillow
lavas erupting along with a picture.
4. Explain how columnar
basalts, pumice, volcanic bombs and obsidian form and include a picture of each.
5. Explain what causes a
volcano to have explosive eruptions and what causes a volcano to have quiet
eruptions.
6. Explain how Aa and Pahoehoe are different and the same include images of each.
7. Explain how and why the
geothermal features of Yellowstone form.
Include a diagram.
8. Explain geysers, hotsprings, mudpots and
fumaroles. Include a diagram, animation
and/or video of each feature.
Density:
1. What is density? Explain this in your own words and include a diagram that shows two diagrams one with a higher density and one with a lower density.
2. What is the formula for density? Explain the "broken heart" memory tool.
3. Explain how the calculate the volume of a Cube using LxWxH for the volume. Explain each step and include an image of a cube maybe even with measurements shown.
4. Explain how to calculate volume using water displacement. Show an image like the graduated cylinders sheet we used in class. Be sure to explain the meniscus and how to read it accurately by reading the bottom of the smiley face.
5. Explain how the calculate the density of a rock using water displacement. Outline each step and include a diagram.
6. Explain the mystery liquids "rainbow straws" lab
7. Explain and include a diagram of the density bottles lab. You can use this link to get an image to include: http://www.teachersource.com/product/poly-density-kit/density
8. Explain how the lava lamp worked and include an image.
Elements, Compounds, mixtures, chemical and physical changes
1. Define and give 3 examples of elements. Include a picture and chemical formula for each.
2. Define and give 3 examples of compounds. Include a picture and chemical formula for each.
3. Define and give 3 examples of mixtures. One example must be a solution like salt water. Include a picture of each.
4. Explain the difference between a compound and a mixture. Use the terms physically combined vs. Chemically combined.
5. Explain how we used legos to demonstrate this.
6.
Explain the baking soda and vinegar experiment in terms of reactants
and products. Include all the chemical formulas and how the mass was
conserved in the experiment but the atoms were rearranged to form new
chemicals. Be sure to also include the observations you made.
7. Explain how chemical changes are different than physical changes and give examples.
Minerals, Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary Rocks, The rock cycle
1. Explain that the Earth is
made up of rocks, rocks are made up of minerals, minerals are made up of
compounds and elements, compounds are made up of elements, elements are made up
of atoms and atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Find a picture diagram or set of pictures and
diagrams to illustrate this point.
2. Define a mineral listing
the five characteristics of a mineral.
Give an example of three minerals and give their formula and a picture
of each.
3. Explain how igneous rocks
are formed and explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous
rocks. Give examples of each. Also
explain the difference between magma and lava.
Include pictures and diagrams.
4. Explain how metamorphic
rocks are formed and explain the difference between foliated and non-foliated
metamorphic rocks. Give examples of
each. Include pictures and diagrams.
5. Explain how sedimentary
rocks are formed and explain the different between clastic, chemical and
organic rocks. Give an examples of
each. Include pictures and diagrams.
6. Find and image of the rock
cycle that you really like and explain how the rock cycle works being sure to
focus on how any rock can become any other type of rock given time and
place. Also be sure to explain the processes required for these changes.
7. Explain any labs or
activities we did to illustrate these points. Focus especially on
the rock cycle game and cartoon activity.
EARTHQUAKES
EARTHQUAKES
- Explain in the opening paragraph of your post what causes earthquakes to happen. Discuss plate motion, stress, convection currents in the mantle. Explain why earthquakes are more frequent near plate boundaries and why they are less frequent in other locations like New England
- Describe the motion of the four major types of faults (normal, reverse, strike-slip, and oblique). Discuss motion in terms of the hanging wall and foot walls motion along the fault line and what type of stresses cause each type of fault motion.
- Include a diagram of each type of fault with a caption indicating fault type
- Describe each of the four types of seismic waves (P, S, Rayleigh, and Love Waves).
- Include a diagram or animation of each type of seismic wave (you can use the links in HW #1 Earthquakes to access the animations for each type of seismic wave)
- Explain what a seismogram is and use this to discuss the relative speed of P, S, and surface waves to each other. Also use this to discuss the relative strength of each type of seismic wave to eachother.
- Include a an image of a seismogram to use as part of your discussion for this part
- Explain what the Moment Magnitude Scale is and how it is used to measure the intensity of earthquakes. Discuss what system (letters, numbers, etc.) is used for this scale. You can google Moment Magnitude scale to find info about it
- Explain subduction zone earthquakes in your final paragraph. Discuss how these earthquakes occur and how they can often form tsunamis. Be sure to discuss plate boundary types, stress, elastic rebound, coast range and how the wavelength and wave amplitude of a tsunami change as it nears shore.
- Include a diagram of a subduction zone with labels
- Include a diagram showing tsunami wavelength and amplitude from ocean to shore
- Explain how earthquake depth varies along a subduction zone. Discuss how you can tell which plate is subduction under which plate. You should also discuss how you can tell based on earthquake depth the slope of the subducting plate
- Include diagrams showing earthquake depth along subduction zones similar to the ones you use in your homework assignment on subduction zones
AIR PRESSURE
HEAT TRANSFER IN ATMOSPHERE
LOCAL WINDS (SEA BREEZE AND LAND BREEZE with an extension on Mountain Breezes and Valley Breezes)
- Explain the basic properties of air. Explain why air is a mixture. Define air pressure. Explain how air pressure changes as you go higher in the atmosphere. In your discussion be sure to refer to air molecules. Discuss air pressure as it relates to temperature changes in a parcel of air (think of the turn and talk question we did with the two columns of air.
- Include 2 pictures - one which shows air molecules in a column of air and another which shows how air pressure changes in the atmosphere with a line graph.
- Explain how air pressure held the card to the cup in the activity we did in class. Explain why putting a hole in the top with the pin caused the water to come out of the cup
- Include an image of a card holding a cup of water or if you want to scan a diagram as we did in class see me and we can do this on the copy machine.
- Explain how air pressure caused the can to collapse in the demo I did in class. Be sure to explain all four steps as we did in class.
- Include a diagram of a collapsed can and a scanned diagram showing how air pressure caused the can to collapse. Again see me for help with scanning if need be.
- Explain how air pressure works with the straws demonstration done in class. Explain how air pressure worked with one straw in the cup and why it did not work when one straw was in the cup and one straw was outside the cup.
- Include a diagram of how air pressure works with one straw in the cup and one diagram which shows why no water was sipped when the second straw was not in the cup.
- Explain how air pressure changes in an airplane cause your ears to pop when the plane is ascending and also descending.
- Include a diagram of a human ear canall which shows how air pressure changes affect a human's Eustachian tube.
HEAT TRANSFER IN ATMOSPHERE
- Explain heat transfer by radiation. Discuss the radiation(electromagnetic spectrum). Explain the results of the black/silver can lab and how this relates to heat transfer by radiation. Explain the importance of heat transfer by radiation from the Sun to the Earth in driving the weather in our atmosphere. Be sure to explain how different surfaces on the Earth absorb varying amounts of radiation.
- Include a diagram of the radiation spectrum and also a diagram of the Sun heating the Earth by radiation
- Explain heat transfer by conduction. Discuss what is happening to the atoms and molecules as heat is transferred from one atom or molecule to another. Discuss why the witch from the Eureka video with the ladle in the pot burnt her hand by discussing the transfer of heat through the molecules by conduction. Explain conduction's role in causing weather and how conduction of air molecules is differs depending on the type of surface.
- Include one image showing heat transfer by conduction which shows the molecules or atoms(you may want to take a screen shot from the Eureka conduction video). Include a 2nd image which illustrates heat transfer by conduction in the atmosphere.
- Explain heat transfer by convection. Discuss changes in temperature and density. Explain what types of substances convection currents form in. Explain the Smoke Box demonstration shown in class and how this illustrates heat transfer by convection currents. Explain how convection currents form in the atmosphere and their role in driving Earth's weather. Be sure to discuss differential heating of Earth's surface, differences in air temperature, pressure, and density when explaining convection currents.
- Include a picture of a smoke box as shown in the class demo and also a picture which diagrams convection currents forming in the atmosphere.
LOCAL WINDS (SEA BREEZE AND LAND BREEZE with an extension on Mountain Breezes and Valley Breezes)
- Define Local Winds. Explain how/why air always moves from high pressure to low pressure. Explain why wind speed varies (i.e. why sometimes is wind just a light breeze and why is it other times a stronger wind gust)
- Explain in detail how a sea breeze forms. Be sure to discuss all three forms of heat transfer. Start your explanation with heat transfer from the Sun to each surface (sand and water) by radiation. Explain how convection currents form a sea breeze. Be sure to discuss changes in surface temperature, air temperature, air density, and air pressure.
- Include a diagram which shows how convection currents form a sea breeze. You may want to use a screen shot from the animation you had to watch for the HW assignment on local winds.
- Explain in detail how a land breeze forms. Be sure to discuss all the same elements as you did for a sea breeze and explain how this type of wind differs in both the direction of the wind and how/why it is different.
- Include a diagram which shows how convection currents form a sea breeze. You may want to again use a screen shot from the animation you had to watch for the HW assignment on local winds.
- Explain why no convection currents form at the beach at sunrise and sunset.
- Include a screenshot from the HW animation from sunrise or sunset when no convection or wind is shown in the picture.
- Do some research on your own and explain another type of local wind: Mountain Breeze and Valley Breeze. Explain how these occur discussing the same factors you did with a Sea and Land Breeze.
- Include diagrams showing the movement of air and convection for these types of winds
Global Wind Belts:
- Explain how global wind belts form on the Earth. Be sure to discuss uneven heating between the equator and the poles, convection currents, high and low pressure, the names of the winds, and the effects of the rotation of the Earth.
- Include a clear diagram from the internet showing global wind patterns with all of the information above included in the diagram
- Explain the Coriolis Effect in general terms. Then explain how the Coriolis Effect works with global wind belts on Earth. Be sure to explain its effect on winds in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
- Include diagrams showing the role of the Coriolis Effect on the Earth
- Explain global wind belts on a rotating cylinder as we did in class.
- Include a scanned diagram with the global wind belts, convection currents, and high and low pressure on this object.
- Explain global wind belts on a rotating cube as we did in class.
- Include a scanned diagram with the global wind belts, convection currents, and high and low pressure on this object.
- Explain global wind belts on a rotating pyramid as we did in class.
- Include a scanned diagram with the global wind belts, convection currents, and high and low pressure on this object.
Remaining Blog Topics: Scroll down until you find your topic
Global Wind Belts:
- Explain how global wind belts form on the Earth. Be sure to discuss uneven heating between the equator and the poles, convection currents, high and low pressure, the names of the winds, and the effects of the rotation of the Earth.
- Include a clear diagram from the internet showing global wind patterns with all of the information above included in the diagram
- Explain the Coriolis Effect in general terms. Then explain how the Coriolis Effect works with global wind belts on Earth. Be sure to explain its effect on winds in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
- Include diagrams showing the role of the Coriolis Effect on the Earth
- Explain global wind belts on a rotating cylinder as we did in class.
- Include a scanned diagram with the global wind belts, convection currents, and high and low pressure on this object.
- Explain global wind belts on a rotating cube as we did in class.
- Include a scanned diagram with the global wind belts, convection currents, and high and low pressure on this object.
- Explain global wind belts on a rotating pyramid as we did in class.
- Include a scanned diagram with the global wind belts, convection currents, and high and low pressure on this object.
Solar System:
1. Explain the formation of the solar system in steps and include a simulation or video and an image.
2.
Compare and contrast the inner and outer planets. Be sure to list all
characteristics of the inner and outer planets and then list the ones
they have in common.
3. Include one picture of each planet and list the two most unique characteristics each planet.
4. Explain why inner planets revolve faster than outer planets. Include a diagram.
5. What are dwarf planets: Include the names of three.
6. What is the definition of a planet?
Moons and Rings of Jupiter:
1. How many moons does Jupiter have? Include an image of this system.
2. Describe the rings of Jupiter and how they formed. Include an image.
3. Explain what a shepard moon is? Include an image or diagram
4. Describe Io (list four really cool features about it) and include a diagram.
5. Explain why Io has volcanoes and what they erupt.
6. Describe Europa list at least four cool features about it. Include an image.
7. Why do scientists think there might be life on Europa?
8. Describe Ganymede and least at least four cool features about it. Include an image.
9. Describe Callisto and least at least four cool features about it. Include an image.
10. How are the Galilean moons different than the other moon of Jupiter?
Moons and Rings of Saturn:
1. How many moons does Saturn have? Include an image of this system.
2. Describe the rings of Saturn and how they formed. Include an image.
3. Explain what a shepard moon is? Include an image or diagram
4. Describe Enceledus (list four really cool features about it) and include a diagram.
5. Describe Titan list at least four cool features about it. Include an image.
6. Why do scientists think there might be life on Titan?
7. Describe Dione and least at least four cool features about it. Include an image.
8. Describe Mimas and least at least four cool features about it. Include an image.
9. How are the bigger moons of Saturn different than the other moons of Saturn?
Venus and the Magellan mapping project:
1. What direction does Venus rotate? Describe theories for why this might be.
2. Why is Venus the only planet whose day is longer than its year. Discuss theories which address this.
3.
Describe what happened to the Soviet landers on Venus. What did they
discover and how long did they last? Include images of the space ship
and what they saw.
4. Describe the surface of Venus in as much detail as you can. Include images.
5. Describe the atmosphere of Venus in as much detail as you can. Include diagrams.
6. What did Magellan Discover about Venus and how did it map Venus?
7. Are there active volcanoes on Venus? Include images/evidence
8. Is there plate tectonics on Venus? Include evidence.
Mars and the Rovers:
1.
Describe the surface and atmosphere of Mars including at least four
images of the distinctly different features on Mars. Be sure to
describe each feature.
2. Why is Mars one of the best candidates for supporting life?
3. Describe the Martian Polar Ice Caps include images.
4. Describe the Martian Sand Storms.
5.
Describe the Martian Rovers and what they have discovered. Include an
image of each: Curiosity, Opportunity, Spirit and one other of your
choosing.
6. Describe Phobos and Deimos the moons of Mars. Include images.
7. Include a video or animation of a rover landing.
8. Include a video of the surface of Mars taken by a rover.
9. What evidence do we have that water once flowed on Mars include at least two images to support this hypothesis.
Comets:
1. Include a photograph of a spectacular comet and give its name.
2. Include a diagram of a comet that includes, the nucleus, coma, and both tails.
3. Describe the nucleus, coma, gas and dust tails. What are they? How big are they? When do they form?
4.
Include a simulation of a comet’s journey through the solar system and
explain what happens to the comet as it approaches the sun and then
leaves the sun. Be sure to discuss the tail.
5. Show an image of the Kuiper Belt and explain what the Kuiper belt is.
6. Show an image of the Oort Cloud and explain what it is.
7. What characteristics of Pluto make it resemble a comet? Include an image of Pluto.
Asteroids:
1. Include an image of an Asteroid and give its name.
2. Include a diagram of the asteroid belt.
3. Include a diagram of near earth asteroids
4. Describe the different types of asteroids (carbonaceous condrites, Iron Nickel, stoney, etc.) Include an image of each.
5.
Describe the asteroid that hit Earth 65 million years ago and killed
the dinosaurs. How big is it thought to be? Where did it hit the
Earth? What evidence do we have?
6. Describe the asteroid that nearly hit Earth last month. Show a diagram of how close it got.
7. What do asteroids tell us about the early solar system.
8. What are meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids. Include an image of each.
9. What causes shooting stars?
Greenhouse effect and global warming
1. Describe how the greenhouse effect works and include a diagram.
2. List greenhouse gases and how strong they are (use It’s learning three from the climate unit)
3. Why is one gas a greenhouse gas and another is not?
4. What is the evidence that the Earth is warming? Include images
5.
What is the role of CO2 in global warming? Include a graph that shows
the relationship between global warming and CO2 concentration in the
atmosphere over time.
6.
What is the role of CH4 in global warming? Include a graph that shows
the relationship between global warming and CH4 concentration in the
atmosphere over time.
7. Explain how the carbon cycle relates to global warming and include a diagram.
8. What are the primary natural sources of CO2 and CH4?
9. What are the primary human sources of CO2 and CH4?
10. What are frozen methane deposits and where are they?
Stellar Evolution:
1. Include an image of the HR Diagram different than the one used in class.
2. Explain how the HR diagram works by discussing each of the factors about stars that it explains.
3. Explain low and high mass star evolution and include a diagram different than the one used in class.
4.
Explain what a white dwarf is and how it works. Include a diagram and
simulation of how it forms different from the one used in class.
5.
Explain what a neutron star is and how it works. Include a diagram and
simulation of how it forms and works different than the one used in
class.
6. What is a pulsar and how does it work? Include a diagram and simulation.
Black holes:
1. What are black holes? Include a diagram and short simulation different than class
2. What is space time? Include a diagram and short video or simulation different than class
3. Explain how a black hole forms. Include a diagram and short video or simulation different than class.
4. Explain the singularity, event horizon, accretion disk, Jets and include a diagram.
5. Explain the different types of Black holes.
6.
Describe the black hole in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy and what
evidence we have that it exists? Include a diagram of what we think the
Black Hole looks like.
Formation of the Universe:
1. Explain the Big Bang Theory. Include an image and simulation or video which explains this concept.
2. How long has the universe been around? What evidence do we use to support this theory.
3. What is the cosmic microwave background and what does it tell us about the universe? Show an image.
4. Explain the concept of a multiverse include an image
5. Explain the Doppler effect and what it tells us about the expanding universe. Explain red shifts and blue shifts.
6. What is dark matter and what evidence do we have that it exists?
7. What is dark energy and what evidence do we have that it exists?
8. What role do dark matter and dark energy perhaps play in the universe?
9. How has the universe changed over time?
10. How do scientists predict the universe will change in the future?
Galaxies:
1. What is a galaxy?
2. How are galaxies classified? List each type and include an image.
3. How are galaxies formed?
4. How are galaxies arranged in the Universe? Include an image
5. What happens when galaxies collide? Include an image
6. How big is the Milky Way galaxy and where are we located in it? Include an image
7. What is the galactic bulge?
8. How long does it take the Sun to orbit the center of the Milky Way Galaxy?Dwarf Planets
1. What is a dwarf planet? How are they different than planets? (include an image of dwarf planets)
2. Where are dwarf planets located? How many known dwarf planets are there? (
3. Write a paragraph discussion about the characteristics of Pluto (include an image)
4. Write a paragraph discussion about the characteristics of Ceres (Include an image)
5. Write a paragraph discussion about the characteristics of Eris (include an image)
6. Write a paragraph discussion of Makemake (include an image)
7. Write a paragraph discussion of Haumea(include an image)
Space Exploration: Use this link for your research
1. Research and explain a Nasa mission to either Mercury or Venus (include an image)
2. Research and explain a Nasa mission to the asteroids(include an image)
3. Research and explain a mission to a comet(include an image)
4. Research and explain a mission to Jupiter(include an image)
5. Research and explain a mission to Saturn(include an image)
6. Research and explain a mission to Uranus(include an image)
Space Exploration 2: Use this link for your research
1. Research and explain a mission to Neptune(include an image)
2. Research and explain a mission to Pluto(include an image)
3. Research and explain a mission to the Kuiper Blet(include an image)
4. Research and explain a mission to Dwarf Planets(include an image)
5. Research and explain a mission to the Sun(include an image)
Exploration of Mars: Use this link for your research
1. In 5 separate paragraphs explain the missions and findings of each of the unmanned missions to Mars
2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, Spirit/Opportunity, Mars Recon Orbiter, Curiosity (include an image for each mission)
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